The Brunanburh Series: Unraveling the Mystery of Uhtred of Bebbanburg

Where’s Uhtred of Bebbanburg in The Brunanburh Series?

Uhtred of Bebbanburg is perhaps our most famous character from Saxon England, even if he is a fictional creation. Not only does he have his own TV series alongside the books, but his very strong association with Bebbanburg/Bamburgh (somewhere I’m lucky to live very close to hence the photo in January below, and have been visiting since I was a small child), means that he feels very ‘real’ to many readers and audiences, and indeed, encourages thousands of people to Northumberland every year to visit Bamburgh, of which even the earliest standing buildings date to just after the Norman Conquest of 1066. (Bamburgh has a very active group investigating the archaeology (The Bamburgh Research Project with whom I attended a post-excavation week in September 2023)). He has become somewhat like the Arthur of the Arthurian Legends – more real than many historical attested individuals.

So, where is Uhtred of Bebbanburg in my Brunanburh Series?

This is a tough one because I can’t find ‘Uhtred of Bebbanburg’ in any of the sources I’ve consulted (not that there are many). Indeed, affairs at Bamburgh at this time are so little understood, that we don’t even definitely know the names of some of the individuals who may have ‘ruled’ there, and even what the extent of their powers might have been for Bamburgh was sandwiched between the might of a growing kingdom of the Scots, and the kingdom of Norse Jorvik or English York (depending on who claimed it).

Ealdorman Uhtred

There is an ealdorman of King Athelstan who’s named Uhtred (there’s actually two, but I’m focusing on the main one here, named as a ‘dux’ or ealdorman), appearing in the surviving charter evidence from 931 to 935 (he witnesses or attests 8 of King Athelstan’s surviving charters) including the charter when Athelstan gifts a great deal of land to Archbishop Wulfstan of York in 934 on his way to ‘invade’ the kingdom of the Scots, but aside from that, he doesn’t appear in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle at this time, and indeed, doesn’t seem to be associated with Bamburgh at all.

Who was ruling Bamburgh then?

Indeed, at this time, we have two men who seem to have ‘ruled’ in Bamburgh, one Eadwulf/Ealdwulf is attested, in the Annals of Ulster naming him as ‘king of the Saxons of the north.’ He died in c.913. His son, Ealdred/Eadred (there is confusion with the correct name) joined an alliance with Edward the Elder, king of the Anglo-Saxons, in 920 (corrected from 924).

‘And then the king of Scots and all the nation of Scots chose him as father and lord; and [so also did] Reginald and Eadwulf’s son and all those who live in Northumbria, both English and Danish and Norwegians and others; and also the king of the Strathclyde Britons and all the Strathclyde Britons.’  (Swanton, M. trans and edit The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles, (Orion Publishing Group, 2000 p.104 (A text 924 for 920)

As well as the one with King Athelstan in 927,

‘King Athelstan succeeded to the the kingdom of Northumrbia; and he governed all the kings who were in this island; first Hywel, king of the West Welsh, and Constantine, king of Scots, and Owain, king of Gwent, and Ealdred, Ealdwulf’s offspring, from Bamburgh. And they confirmed peace with pledges and with oaths in a place which is named Rivers’ Meeting on 12^th July;…’ (Swanton, M. trans and edit The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles, (Orion Publishing Group, 2000 p.107 (D text for 926 )

Ealdred seems to hold his position until 934 when his death may be recorded in the Annals of Clonmacnoise. His death could have precipitated Athelstan’s decision to invade the kingdom of the Scots if perhaps Constantin of the Scots was ‘meddling’ with the Saxon enclave, perhaps hoping to claim it himself, which ultimately led to the battle of Brunanburh in 937 between Constantin, Athelstan and Olaf Gothfrithson. 

What happened in Bamburgh after the death of Ealdred is very hazy. I’ve made some leaps of faith, largely influenced by academic scholars of the period, in Kings of Conflict, and my imagination, but alas, it did not allow me to find our missing ‘Uhtred’ of Bebbanburg, and while in initial drafts, I did ‘allow’ Ealdorman Uhtred some interest in Bamburgh, I removed these because it just didn’t fit with the information I could find.

Kings of Conflict, the last part of the Brunanburh series, is available now.

Visit the Brunanburh series page.